Prevalence of Hepatitis B Among Medical Students

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Among checkup examination StudentsThe preponderance of Hepatitis B among checkup students, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi-Arabian ArabiaABSTRACTBackground medical exam students in the course of their clinical work are at riskiness of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or transmitting it to their patients. HBV immunisation for medical students in Saudi Arabia is recommended but not strictly enforced. It is every-important(a) to assess the prevalence of HBV infection in medical students in nightclub to direct interventions and inform policy. The objectives of this oeuvre were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B among the medical students of Majmaah University secondly to determine the congeneric of hepatitis B and the social factors and thirdly to equality the relation of hepatitis B in unlike collages.Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 478 students of medical, dentistry and utilize medical students in Majmaah University. heart and soul enumeration of all students was done. A structured questionnaire was employ to collect demographic info. The selected students underwent a root stress to detect HBsAg. SPSS version 20 was utilize for data analysis for (frequency, mean and standard deviation). Comparisons surrounded by groups were made using the fisher Exact test. P Results The results showed that out of the 478 students tested, two were validating for HBsAg, boastful an general prevalence rate of 0.41%. The prevalence of hepatitis B among viriles and fe manlikes was o.6% and 0.0% respectively. It was shown that one of the positive cases was in the college of Medicine and the other was in the college of health check laboratories.Conclusion The prevalence of hepatitis B among medical students of Majmaah University is low. The disease, which was reported among the males only, was set in motion in the colleges of Medicine and Medical Laboratories. conceptionApproximately 3 50 million people are infected by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally. A large number become positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but they remain asymptomatic. They are known as quiet toters of HBV 1, 2 and may act as a source of transmission of hepatitis B. In gamy and moderate prevalence zones of HBV, like South Asia and the Middle East, numerous silent carriers are young people 3, 4.The prevalence of HBV has declined considerably in Saudi Arabia since the introduction of immunization in 1989. According to one study, it evil from 7% in 1989 to 0.3% in 1997 4. A study 8 geezerhood aft(prenominal) the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination reported seroconversion of 77% in children vaccinated at birth and 71% in those vaccinated at school entry 5. Jaber reported in 2006 6 that 98% of schoolchildren in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were covered by HBV vaccination however 14% of students tested prejudicious for anti-HBs antibodies, suggesting that the efficacy of HBV vaccinat ion is diminishing with increasing age 6. It has been reported that the prevalence of HBV among kindred donors in Saudi Arabia decreased from 2.7% in 1993 to 0.28% in 2003 5,6,7.HBV immunization is now part of the national routine immunization program for children in Saudi Arabia. HBV immunization in medical students and health workers in Saudi Arabia is recommended but not strictly enforced. As a result, individuals at high risk like health care workers and medical students have low immunization rates. Therefore, HBV remains an occupational risk to which healthcare workers and medical students are undefendable while at work 8.Determining the prevalence of HBV infection in the medical, dentistry and applied medical students is important in planning for whatsoever intervention to control this infection among them. Furthermore, the information obtained may be utilize in a wider sense to create awareness among all categories of healthcare workers about the magnitude of the risk of contracting or transmitting HBV in the workplace.The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B among the medical, dentistry and applied medical students of Majmaah University and to compare the prevalence rates of hepatitis B between the students in the varied collages and social factors.METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study carried out among medical, dentistry and applied medical students in Majmaah University over a period of 16 months (from whitethorn 2013 to August 2014). The study population was the students of Majmaah University from collage of Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Medical Laboratories. Students from all levels and both sexes were enrolled in this study.Total enumeration of 478 students was done. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. The selected students underwent a blood test to detect HBsAg. The test was conducted in King Khaled Hospital in Majmaah. The assay used is a one-step enzyme immunoassay base d on the principle of the sandwich quality using monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies selected for their ability to bind themselves to the various subtypes of HBs Ag, recognized by the WHO and the most part of variant HBV strains. SPSS version 20 was applied for data analysis for (frequency, mean and standard deviation). Comparisons between groups were made using the Fisher Exact. P Participation was completely voluntary and students who tested positive for HBsAg were counseled in the focus center, King Khaled Hospital. Measures to prevent exposure and the need to get vaccinated against Hepatitis B as soon as possible was explained to them.RESULTSThere were 150 females and 328 males, giving a female to male ratio of 11.4. Out of the 478 students tested, 2.0 were positive for HBsAg, giving an overall prevalence rate of 0.41% as shown intable (1). Regarding age of the students the epitome was similar ranging from 18 to 20 years.Table (2) shows the prevalence of hepatiti s B among students of different collages. It was shown that the two positive cases were in the college of Medicine and the college of Medical laboratories.Table (1) apprisal between hepatitis B and genderTable (2)Hepatitis B among students of different collages preachingThe prevalence rate of hepatitis B among the students, shown as positive HBsAg was 0.41%. Lule found the HBsAg carrier rate of 18% among medical students in Kenyatta National Hospital9. In Nigeria, Olubuyide found the hepatitis B as 39.0% among doctors and dentists compared to the national average of 20.0% 10.There was no authoritative difference in the HBsAg carrier rates between pre-clinical and clinical students and except the latter were more exposed to hepatitis B. Similar findings were observed by Khurana. in Maulana Azad Medical College-New Delhi, India11. It is possible that most of the clinical students were healthy and fought off the hepatitis B infection despite being more exposed. It is known that spont aneous retrieval after acute infection with HBV occurs in 9599% of previously healthy adults 12.It is also possible that some students might have got occult HBV infection. This could only be revealed by performing highly sensitive molecular techniques which would show persistence of HBV genomes in HBsAg negative individuals13. The magnitude of occult HBV infection was not assessed in the study. This rate was also lower compared with the prevalence of 1% found in less than 20 years old persons after 10 years of introduction of extended program of immunization in Saudi Arabia 14. The rate of hepatitis B was also higher than the prevalence among male medical students of 0.17% and higher than the prevalence among the females (0.78%) in the same study which was conducted among students of health colleges in different part of Saudi Arabia1. The findings of this study were within the set about of prevalence from 0.03% to 0.72% among the general public in different parts of the country 15.The findings of this study showed that the two positive cases of hepatitis B were males, no positivity among females. In comparing hepatitis B with gender by applying the Fisher Exact test, the relation is not probatory (p= 1.00). When seroprevalence rates of hepatitis B was compared between students from different collages in the university by applying the Fisher Exact test, the difference was not statistically significant ( p=0,340).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of hepatitis B among medical, dentistry and applied medical students of Majmaah University is low. The prevalence was low among the males and not reported among the females. The disease was observed among the male students of the college of Medicine and the college of Medical Lavatories.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors are very grateful to the dean of college of Medicine, dean of college of dentistry and the dean of Applied Medical Sciences for permission and promote to carry out this study. We would also like to thank the adm inistration of Medical Services of Majmaah University and the administration of King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah for their support. 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